List of South American countries by population

Brazil is the most populous country in South America. Brazil is the only South American country with a total number of humans above 100 mn. Brazil is followed by Colombia, Argentina, Peru, and Venezuela. The top five countries together hold a huge 86% share of the South American population. As of 2024, Eight countries have a population above 10 million. The least populous country in South America is Suriname. The Falkland Islands is the least populous region in South America. Four countries/dependent territories in South America have a population below one million.

Only one South American country is on the list of the top ten most populous countries globally as it hosts Brazil, the world's 7th most populous country. On the other hand, four countries are within the top 50 world population ranking.

Out of 14 countries/territories, None of the countries would see a population decrease in 2024. Brazil would be the top contributor to the total population increment in 2023. Brazil accounts for 38 percent of the total population increase in South America. Brazil's population increased by 1.19 million, followed by Venezuela (548 k).

French Guiana would have the highest population growth rate of 2.40 % in 2024. French Guiana is the only region in South America with having growth rate above 2%. Five countries/regions have a growth rate above 1%. Only two region is in the list of the world's top 50 fastest-growing nations. Uruguay would have the lowest population growth rate of close to zero.

In 1950, Argentina was the 2nd most populous country on the continent, ahead of Colombia, currently at 2nd spot. By 2100, Argentina will again become 2nd most populous country on the continent.

By 2100, Guyana will become the least populous country.

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Population (UN)

Estimated and Projected population (UN)