| Source | 2011 - Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation |
| 2023 - Report Of The Technical Group On Population Proiecttons (page no 83) | |
| Date | 30 Mar 2024 |
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India, with an estimated population of 23.89 crore in 2024. Uttar Pradesh accounts for almost 17 percent of the total country population. Bihar has overtaken Maharashtra as the second-largest state by population, with close to 129 million people living here. Three states have a population of more than 10 crore. 19 states and two union territories have a population of over 10 million. Delhi (2.19 crore) is the largest union territory in India in terms of population.
Almost half of the country's population lives in the five most populous states, namely, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh. The ten most populated states in India contribute 74% of India's population. 12 least populous states or UTs contribute only 1% of India's population, and 21 least populous states or UTs constitute only 10% of the total.
The population of the biggest state, Uttar Pradesh, is close to the population of Pakistan, the fifth-most populous country in the world. The populations of 2nd-ranked Bihar and 3rd-ranked Maharashtra are equivalent to those of Mexico. Seven states have a population more than 20th-ranked in the world. 15 states come under the top 50 countries.
Sikkim (697,000) is the smallest state, and Lakshadweep (69,000) is the smallest union territory in India based on population.
Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu have the highest population growth rate in 2024 of 7.27%, followed by Puducherry and Delhi. Among states, Bihar has the highest population growth rate in 2024, at 1.44%, followed by Jharkhand and Gujarat. Tamil Nadu has the lowest growth rate among the states.
| Code | Rank | State/UT | Population | Growth (2024) | Share (%) | Country | W rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | Absolute | % | 2024 | |||||
| DL | UT1 | Delhi | 21,490,000 | 21,884,000 | 394,000 | 1.83 | 1.56 | Sri Lanka | 62 |
| HR | 17 | Haryana | 30,331,000 | 30,694,000 | 363,000 | 1.20 | 2.18 | Madagascar | 51 |
| KL | 15 | Kerala | 35,824,000 | 35,967,000 | 143,000 | 0.40 | 2.56 | Uzbekistan | 43 |
| HP | 20 | Himachal Pradesh | 7,480,000 | 7,518,000 | 38,000 | 0.51 | 0.54 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 104 |
| PB | 16 | Punjab | 30,796,000 | 30,992,000 | 196,000 | 0.64 | 2.21 | Madagascar | 51 |
| TG | 13 | Telangana | 38,135,000 | 38,317,000 | 182,000 | 0.48 | 2.73 | Morocco | 39 |
| GA | 25 | Goa | 1,577,000 | 1,585,000 | 8,000 | 0.51 | 0.11 | Trinidad and Tobago | 154 |
| UT | 19 | Uttarakhand | 11,676,000 | 11,795,000 | 119,000 | 1.02 | 0.84 | Haiti | 82 |
| CH | UT5 | Chandigarh | 1,235,000 | 1,247,000 | 12,000 | 0.97 | 0.09 | Cyprus | 160 |
| GJ | 8 | Gujarat | 71,794,000 | 72,653,000 | 859,000 | 1.20 | 5.17 | Thailand | 20 |
| LD | UT8 | Lakshadweep | 69,000 | 69,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Cayman Islands | 207 |
| TN | 7 | Tamil Nadu | 76,936,000 | 77,165,000 | 229,000 | 0.30 | 5.49 | Thailand | 20 |
| DNDD | UT4 | Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | 1,293,000 | 1,387,000 | 94,000 | 7.27 | 0.10 | Timor-Leste | 156 |
| CT | 18 | Chhattisgarh | 30,294,000 | 30,638,000 | 344,000 | 1.14 | 2.18 | Madagascar | 51 |
| AN | UT6 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 403,000 | 404,000 | 1,000 | 0.25 | 0.03 | Guadeloupe | 179 |
| MH | 3 | Maharashtra | 126,710,000 | 127,684,000 | 974,000 | 0.77 | 9.09 | Mexico | 12 |
| KA | 9 | Karnataka | 67,833,000 | 68,256,000 | 423,000 | 0.62 | 4.86 | United Kingdom | 22 |
| WB | 4 | West Bengal | 99,243,000 | 99,723,000 | 480,000 | 0.48 | 7.10 | Viet Nam | 16 |
| OR | 11 | Odisha | 46,373,000 | 46,663,000 | 290,000 | 0.63 | 3.32 | Iraq | 33 |
| PY | UT3 | Puducherry | 1,658,000 | 1,695,000 | 37,000 | 2.23 | 0.12 | Kosovo (under UNSC res. 1244) | 153 |
| AP | 10 | Andhra Pradesh | 53,217,000 | 53,402,000 | 185,000 | 0.35 | 3.80 | Colombia | 28 |
| JH | 12 | Jharkhand | 39,632,000 | 40,129,000 | 497,000 | 1.25 | 2.86 | Poland | 38 |
| MZ | 27 | Mizoram | 1,241,000 | 1,252,000 | 11,000 | 0.89 | 0.09 | Cyprus | 160 |
| TR | 21 | Tripura | 4,156,000 | 4,194,000 | 38,000 | 0.91 | 0.30 | Kuwait | 130 |
| MP | 5 | Madhya Pradesh | 86,923,000 | 87,954,000 | 1,031,000 | 1.19 | 6.26 | Türkiye | 18 |
| UP | 1 | Uttar Pradesh | 236,484,000 | 238,875,000 | 2,391,000 | 1.01 | 17.00 | Pakistan | 6 |
| RJ | 6 | Rajasthan | 81,316,000 | 82,188,000 | 872,000 | 1.07 | 5.85 | Germany | 20 |
| SK | 28 | Sikkim | 691,000 | 697,000 | 6,000 | 0.87 | 0.05 | China, Macao SAR | 169 |
| BR | 2 | Bihar | 127,368,000 | 129,205,000 | 1,837,000 | 1.44 | 9.20 | Mexico | 12 |
| MN | 23 | Manipur | 3,231,000 | 3,260,000 | 29,000 | 0.90 | 0.23 | Puerto Rico | 137 |
| AR | 26 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1,565,000 | 1,580,000 | 15,000 | 0.96 | 0.11 | Trinidad and Tobago | 154 |
| JK | UT2 | Jammu & Kashmir | 13,636,000 | 13,733,000 | 97,000 | 0.71 | 0.98 | Burundi | 78 |
| LK | UT7 | Ladakh | 301,000 | 302,000 | 1,000 | 0.33 | 0.02 | New Caledonia | 186 |
| NL | 24 | Nagaland | 2,238,000 | 2,258,000 | 20,000 | 0.89 | 0.16 | Guinea-Bissau | 148 |
| ML | 22 | Meghalaya | 3,356,000 | 3,387,000 | 31,000 | 0.92 | 0.24 | Uruguay | 135 |
| AS | 14 | Assam | 35,824,000 | 36,159,000 | 335,000 | 0.94 | 2.57 | Uzbekistan | 43 |
| India | 1,392,329,000 | 1,404,910,000 | 12,581,000 | 0.90 | 100 | 2 | |||
| Code | State/UT | Population (1901) | Population (1951) | Population (2011) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Rank | Total | Rank | Total | Rank | ||
| AP | Andhra Pradesh | 13,071,874 | 7 | 20,216,637 | 6 | 49,386,799 | 10 |
| TG | Telangana | 5,972,448 | 15 | 10,898,622 | 13 | 35,193,978 | 12 |
| AS | Assam | 3,289,680 | 18 | 8,028,856 | 16 | 31,205,576 | 15 |
| BR | Bihar | 27,311,865 | 2 | 29,085,017 | 4 | 104,099,452 | 3 |
| CT | Chhattisgarh | 4,181,554 | 17 | 7,456,706 | 17 | 25,545,198 | 17 |
| GA | Goa | 475,513 | 21 | 547,448 | 24 | 1,458,545 | 25 |
| GJ | Gujarat | 9,094,748 | 11 | 16,262,657 | 9 | 60,439,692 | 9 |
| HR | Haryana | 4,623,064 | 16 | 5,673,597 | 18 | 25,351,462 | 18 |
| HP | Himachal Pradesh | 1,920,294 | 20 | 2,385,981 | 20 | 6,864,602 | 20 |
| JK | Jammu & Kashmir | 2,078,895 | UT1 | 3,171,512 | UT1 | 12,267,013 | UT2 |
| LK | Ladakh | 60,467 | UT4 | 82,340 | UT5 | 274,289 | UT7 |
| JH | Jharkhand | 6,068,233 | 14 | 9,697,254 | 14 | 32,988,134 | 14 |
| KA | Karnataka | 13,054,754 | 8 | 19,401,956 | 7 | 61,095,297 | 8 |
| KL | Kerala | 6,396,262 | 13 | 13,549,118 | 12 | 33,406,061 | 13 |
| MP | Madhya Pradesh | 16,860,768 | 6 | 18,614,931 | 8 | 72,626,809 | 5 |
| MH | Maharashtra | 19,391,643 | 3 | 32,002,564 | 2 | 112,374,333 | 2 |
| MN | Manipur | 284,465 | 23 | 577,635 | 23 | 2,855,794 | 23 |
| ML | Meghalaya | 340,524 | 22 | 605,674 | 22 | 2,966,889 | 22 |
| MZ | Mizoram | 82,434 | 26 | 196,202 | 26 | 1,097,206 | 27 |
| NL | Nagaland | 101,550 | 25 | 212,975 | 25 | 1,978,502 | 24 |
| OR | Odisha | 10,302,917 | 9 | 14,645,946 | 11 | 41,974,218 | 11 |
| PB | Punjab | 7,544,790 | 12 | 9,160,500 | 15 | 27,743,338 | 16 |
| RJ | Rajasthan | 10,294,090 | 10 | 15,970,774 | 10 | 68,548,437 | 7 |
| SK | Sikkim | 59,014 | 27 | 137,725 | 27 | 610,577 | 28 |
| TN | Tamil Nadu | 19,252,630 | 4 | 30,119,047 | 3 | 72,147,030 | 6 |
| TR | Tripura | 173,325 | 24 | 639,029 | 21 | 3,673,917 | 21 |
| UT | Uttarakhand | 1,979,866 | 19 | 2,945,929 | 19 | 10,086,292 | 19 |
| UP | Uttar Pradesh | 48,627,670 | 1 | 60,273,743 | 1 | 199,812,341 | 1 |
| WB | West Bengal | 16,940,088 | 5 | 26,299,980 | 5 | 91,276,115 | 4 |
| AN | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 24,649 | UT6 | 30,971 | UT6 | 380,581 | UT6 |
| CH | Chandigarh | 21,967 | UT7 | 24,261 | UT7 | 1,055,450 | UT4 |
| DNDD | Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | 56,285 | UT5 | 90,143 | UT4 | 586,956 | UT5 |
| DL | Delhi | 405,819 | UT2 | 1,744,072 | UT2 | 16,787,941 | UT1 |
| LD | Lakshadweep | 13,882 | UT8 | 21,035 | UT8 | 64,473 | UT8 |
| PY | Puducherry | 246,354 | UT3 | 317,253 | UT3 | 1,247,953 | UT3 |
| AR | Arunachal Pradesh | - | - | - | - | 1,383,727 | 26 |