Demographics of Estonia

Source UN (World Population Prospects 2024)
Date05 Dec 2024

As of 2024, the population of Estonia is projected at 1.36 million, compared to 1.37 million in 2023. It ranks 157th in the world by population and 36th in Europe. The population growth rate in 2024 is projected at -0.98 percent, the 228th highest among 237 countries and dependent territories.

There are 0.65 million males and 0.71 million females in Estonia. The percentage of the male population is 47.55%, compared to 52.45% of the female population. Estonia has 67k more females than males. The sex ratio in Estonia in 2024 will be 90.646 males per 100 females. Estonia is in the 22nd position in terms of the female-to-male ratio.

  • Population
  • Growth rate
  • Gender

Estonia population

Year Population Growth (%) M per 100 F
MaleFemaleTotal
1950469,777632,2641,102,0421.3174.301
1955508,358658,5131,166,8711.0277.198
1960538,159682,2941,220,4531.2178.875
1965582,101710,7021,292,8041.0781.905
1970623,109738,7561,361,8660.9084.346
1975655,866767,6371,423,5040.8085.440
1980683,764792,6991,476,4630.5886.258
1985709,644815,6351,525,2800.6187.005
1990734,942835,3611,570,3030.0187.979
1995676,460776,3171,452,777-1.3787.137
2000651,139745,8581,396,997-0.6187.301
2005629,820725,0281,354,848-0.6086.868
2010620,244711,2051,331,448-0.2887.210
2015615,534699,0421,314,5760.2188.054
2020630,001699,6681,329,6690.1290.043
2021631,558700,1921,331,7490.1990.198
2022640,730709,3621,350,0912.5390.325
2023649,384717,8121,367,1960.0090.467
2024646,894713,6521,360,546-0.9890.646
2025639,869704,3641,344,232-1.4390.844
  • Life expectancy
  • Median age
  • Fertility rate

Demographics Indicators

YearLife expectancy Median ageFertility rate
195066.36228.9552.273
195568.17028.9232.109
196069.33531.1421.984
196570.71532.1051.899
197070.39932.6772.171
197570.12133.3522.044
198069.46732.6972.025
198569.77432.9192.127
199069.91733.3452.042
199567.81435.3191.372
200071.01437.0511.347
200573.02838.3171.515
201075.88239.2631.716
201577.66540.5661.580
202078.89341.3831.588
202177.40941.4841.594
202278.16741.6251.410
202379.15341.8901.350
202479.30942.2591.363
202579.47642.7631.375
  • Total
  • Crude

Estonia death and birth rate

Year Total Crude(per 1000)
DeathBirthCrude deathCrude birth
195013,64920,14212.38618.277
195513,22120,72711.33017.763
196013,23220,19110.84216.543
196513,68818,65310.58814.428
197015,19621,28211.15815.627
197516,49221,18111.58514.879
198018,11622,02612.27014.918
198519,23323,46812.61015.386
199019,46222,22112.39414.151
199520,88613,60014.3779.361
200018,41213,01113.1809.314
200517,32914,37212.79010.608
201015,78315,82211.85411.883
201515,25313,81911.60310.512
202015,30213,23511.5089.954
202117,62713,11813.2369.850
202217,08411,48112.6548.504
202316,69311,03612.2108.072
202416,55010,92612.1648.031
202516,53010,60512.2977.890
  • Population
  • Urbanization

Urban and rural population of Estonia

Year Population Urban (%)
UrbanRural
1950546,864554,13149.670
1955621,619537,61253.623
1960700,072516,74757.533
1965791,637498,75961.348
1970883,407476,79564.947
1975961,150460,89267.589
19801,027,844446,59269.711
19851,077,351445,04670.767
19901,114,930450,31271.231
19951,007,415425,60970.300
2000970,541428,57169.368
2005931,800423,84868.735
2010907,079425,02368.094
2015899,890415,43168.416
2020900,365400,19469.229
2021900,342396,69669.415
2022900,206393,02769.609
2023899,951389,18869.810
2024899,574385,18470.019
  • Population pyramid
  • Gender ratio

Estonia population by Age Group (2024)

Age group Male Female Total M per 100 F
PersonsShare (%)
00-04 32,356 30,555 62,912 4.62 105.894
05-09 38,062 35,681 73,743 5.42 106.673
10-14 38,943 37,160 76,102 5.59 104.798
15-19 39,263 37,074 76,337 5.61 105.904
20-24 33,419 31,989 65,409 4.81 104.470
25-29 34,623 32,916 67,538 4.96 105.186
30-34 46,709 42,444 89,152 6.55 110.049
35-39 54,903 49,758 104,660 7.69 110.340
40-44 50,367 47,001 97,368 7.16 107.162
45-49 47,839 45,603 93,442 6.87 104.903
50-54 46,675 46,491 93,166 6.85 100.396
55-59 40,468 43,441 83,909 6.17 93.156
60-64 40,136 46,914 87,049 6.40 85.552
65-69 34,997 47,088 82,085 6.03 74.323
70-74 27,739 43,907 71,646 5.27 63.177
75-79 18,518 34,729 53,248 3.91 53.321
80-84 12,034 28,166 40,200 2.95 42.725
85-89 6,912 20,976 27,888 2.05 32.952
90-94 2,390 9,066 11,457 0.84 26.362
95-99 500 2,442 2,942 0.22 20.475
100+ 41 253 294 0.02 16.206
Total 646,894 713,654 1,360,547 90.645